We still learning
Indonesian about affixation , as the past lesson in suffix
and prefix in Bahasa Indonesia , this lesson is not far from the last
lesson . many verbs which take a me-
prefix (or a di- prefix)
can also take the -i suffix.vThe function of the -i suffix, like the -kan suffix,
is to create transitive verbs .
( ) This means that, in
their active form (the me-i form)
, they will
usually be directly followed by the object.
The meanings
associated with the -i suffix are numerous and somewhat different from those associated with the -kan
suffix. Here we will
learn the most common meanings associated with the -i suffix. The addition of the -i suffix implies a very
close relationship between the verb
and the object. However, generally speaking, the -kan suffix causes
the object to move or change in some way (for example, membesarkan = to enlarge; membersihkan =to clean). On the other hand, the use
of the -i suffix does not usually cause the
object to move or change, although
commonly the action implies some effect upon the object. Look at
the following examples using the stem
word duduk.
Contoh
1 duduk to sit
Marilah kita duduk di sini
2 mendudukkan to cause
somebody or something to sit
somewhere, to seat
somebody or something
somewhere
lbu
mendudukkan bayinya di kursi kecil.
3 menduduki to sit on or in something,
to occupy
Dari tahun 1942 sampai 1945 tentara Jepang menduduki
kepulauan Indonesia.
Here are some more examples, this time using the stem word masuk.
Locative
verbs with suffix '-i'
One of the
most common uses of the -i suffix is to indicate that the object (which follows the verb) is actually the
location where the action takes place. If the
object is a person, the -i suffix indicates that the object is the person towards
whom the action is directed.
Contoh
1 Ayah sedang menduduki kursi besar.
a
tau
Ayah sedang duduk
di kursi besar.
2 Nicky sedang memasuki toko CD.
a
tau
Nicky sedang masuk
ke dalam toko CD.
Verbs
with suffix '-i' formed from
intransitive verb stem words
Many of the -i verbs are formed from stem words which are intransitive verbs. We have already
seen examples
of this with menduduki (from the intransitive verb duduk) and memasuki
(from the intransitive verb masuk).Study these further examples of -i verbs formed from intransitive verb stem words.
Contoh
1,Nicky
sangat menyukai musik rap.
2 Tadi malam Nicky dan Ari menghadiri konser pop.
3 Di konser itu mereka menemui seorang penyanyi yang
terkenal.
4 Setiap hari, waktu pulang dari sekolah, Nicky melewati
rumah Ari
5 Ari dengan keluarganya meninggali rumah besar di Jalan
Kartini.
Verbs
with suffix '-i' formed from noun stem words
There are
quite a lot of -i verbs which are formed from stem words
which are nouns. The most common meaning associated with this group of verbs is
'to apply whatever is mentioned in the stem word to the object'. For
example, mengobati pasien would
mean 'to apply or administer medicine to the patient'; that is, 'to treat with medicine'.
Study these
examples of -i verbs formed from noun
stem words.
Contoh
1 Juru rawat itu
sedang mengobati pasiennya.
2 Petani itu harus mengairi sawahnya.
3 Nicky akan menandatangani surat itu.
4 Nicky sangat menghargai nasihat pelayan di toko CD itu.
5 Kita seharusnya menghormati
orang tua kita.
Verbs
with suffix '-i' formed from adiective stem words
A relatively
small number of adjectives can also be used to create me-i verbs.
In some of these cases , the stem word indicates a position; for
example, dekat (close), jauh (far)
, atas (above)
and damping (dose/intimate). Where these locative
adjectives are used as the stem words of me-i verbs
, the meaning attached to the me-i verb
is 'to assume the distance
indicated in the stem word'.
Contoh
mendekati to approach, to move closer to the object
menjauhi to
avoid, to move further away from the object
mengatasi to overcome, to
get on top of the object (probably
the object is a problem of some
kind)
mendampingi to
accompany, to be in close attendance
Study these
sentences, which contain me-i
verbs formed from locative adjective stem words.
Contoh
1 Ari menjauhi gurunya karena belum mengerjakan PRnya.
2 Kita harus bekerja-sama untuk mengatasi soal itu.
3 Nicky sering mendampingi Ari ke konser musik.
4 Melati mendekati gurunya untuk minta nasihatnya.
With most
other me-i verbs formed from adjective stem words, the resulting verb usually means that something (the characteristic
of the stem word) is applied to the object. For example, from kotor
(dirty) we get mengotori (to make something dirty) and from terang (clear) we get menerangi (to illuminate or to enlighten).
Contoh
1 Gong terbuat dari perunggu, tetapi untuk membuat sebuah
gong seorang
pekerja harus memanasi perunggu itu.
2 Guru biasanya memarahi Ari kalau PR Ari tidak dikerjakannya.
Note:
1.
Sometimes the difference
in meaning between the me-i form of a verb and the
me-kan form of the same
stem word can be difficult, if not impossible, to detect.
Th is seems to be
particularly so with verbs formed from adjective stem words.
Clearly, for example, there
is little if any difference between memanaskan (meaning
to cause something to
become hotter) and memanasi (to apply heat to something).
2.
A few adjective stem words are only ever used with
memper-i affixation. For example:
Memperbarui
to renew
Setiap tahun ayah Nicky harus memperbarui
visanya di kantor imigrasi.
memperbaiki
to repair
Pak
Danu pandai sekali memperbaiki alat musik yang rusak.
EXAMPLE WORDS
Mendudukkan to seat somebody! Menghormati to respect
something
somewhere menjauhi to avoid
menduduki to sit in / to occupy mengatasi to overcome
memasukkan to place
something mendampingi to accompany
inside
something else
mendekatkan to move something closer memasuki to enter
nasihat advice menyukai to like
something
menerangi to illuminate/ to menghadiri to attend enlighten
menemui to meet
somebody memanasi to apply heat to
melewati to pass over/pass by something
meninggali to live in/ inhabit memanaskan to heat
meniduri to sleep on
something perunggu bronze (alloy
metal)
mengobati to treat with medicine memperbarui to renew
mengairi to water/ irrigate memperbaiki to repair
menandatangani to
sign
There are many
groups of me-i and the meanings associated with all of these grop of verbs are
different . This section has not covered all of those group or all of the
possible meanings. What we have learnt here are most common meanings associated
with the me-i affixation . It’s importand for you to remember at this stage
that all me-i verbs are transitive (that is, they must be followed by an object
) and that many of them are locative verbs. This means that the object (which
follows the verb) is actualy the location where the action takes place-or, if
the object is a person, it is the person toward the action .
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