Adjectives are used to modify, or describe, nouns. It is easy to
recognize the meanings of some adjectives.
moderno modern inteligente intelligent
An adjective in Spanish must agree in gender and number with the noun it
modifes. You have seen
examples of this with nationalities (aleman, alemana) and with
possessive adjectives (nuestro, nuestros). Notice how the adjective changes in
these examples.
el chico alto the tall boy (masculine singular)
la chica alta the tall girl (feminine singular)
los chicos altos the tall boys (masculine singular)
las chicas altas
the tall girls (feminine singular)
ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -O
Most descriptive adjectives in Spanish end in -o and have
four forms: -o, -a, -os, -as.
Notice how the endings of the adjectives often echo the endings of the
nouns.
un libro barato a cheap (inexpensive) book
una casa
antigua an
old house
unos libros baratos some cheap (inexpensive) books
unas casas antiguas some old houses
Here are some common adjectives ending in -o:
Alto tall gordo fat
Antiguo old, ancient hermoso beautiful
amarillo yellow largo long
atractivo attractive limpio clean
bajo short lindo pretty
barato cheap loco crazy
blanco white malo bad
bonito pretty modern modern
bueno good negro black
caro expensive Nuevo new
cَmodo comfortable pequeño small
corto short rico
rich;
delicious
delgado thin rojo red
delicioso delicious rubio blond
divertido fun simpatico nice
enfermo sick, ill sucio dirty
feo ugly timido
shy
frio cold
viejo old
ADJECTIVES ENDING IN -E AND -A
Some adjectives are an exception to the rule above in that they don’t change when they
modify a masculine or feminine noun. These adjectives ending in -e or -a have
only two forms: singular and plural. To make the plural, simply add an -s.
la mujer elegante the elegant woman (singular)
las mujeres elegantes
the elegant women (plural)
el niño idealista the idealistic child (m.) (singular)
los niños idealistas the idealistic children (plural)
Here are some common adjectives ending in -e:
Alegre
happy humilde humble
amable friendly
independiente independent
efi ciente effi cient inteligente intelligent
elegante
elegant paciente
patient
enorme enormous, huge pobre poor
fuerte
strong triste sad
grande
big verde
green
Here are some common adjectives ending in -a. Notice that many of these adjectives are
generally abstract concepts applying to people.
egoista selfi
sh rosa
pink
idealista idealistic
optimista optimistic
hipócrita hypocritical
pesimista pessimistic
materialista materialistic realista realistic
naranja orange
(color) violeta violet
(color)
ADJECTIVES ENDING IN A CONSONANT
Most adjectives ending in a consonant also have only two forms, singular
and plural.
They do not change for masculine and feminine. To make these adjectives
plural, simply add -es, unless the adjective ends in a -z, in which case the
-z becomes a -c-.
El examen es facil.
The test is easy.
Los exلmenes
son faciles. The tests are easy.
La alumna es feliz. The student is happy.
Las alumnas son felices. The students are happy.
Here are some adjectives ending in a consonant:
Azul blue
gris gray
dificil diffi cult joven young
facil easy normal normal
feliz happy
popular popular
Note that adjectives of nationality, whether they end in a consonant or
vowel, actually have four forms.
español españoles Spanish (m.)
española españolas Spanish (f.)
A few adjectives that end in a consonant actually take on masculine and
feminine forms as well as singular and plural. Here are some examples:
encantador charming
hablador
talkative
trabajador hardworking
La señora Guzman es
encantadora. Mrs. Guzman is charming.
Mi esposo es muy hablador. My husband is very talkative.
Las camareras son muy trabajadoras. The waitresses are very hardworking.
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