Demonstrative words
In previous post we already talk about Personal Pronoun and Tenses in Bahasa Indonesia, Now we will continue with Demonstrative and Question words, Like "this" or "that" in English, Indonesian also using these words for Demonstrative words, we mentioned the words ini (this)
and itu (that), and showed how they can be used as the subject of a sentence. In
that position they could be interpreted as “this thing” and “that thing”.
But there is a different way to
use them (and this also applies to English): they can function as qualifying
words. This means that they stand
alongside another word (a noun), and tell us something about it:
they point, “this... here”, or “that...
there”.
In this function, ini and itu
always follow the word they are working with; this is the place that
qualifying
words occupy in Indonesian (in
contrast to English, where they come in front). For example:
Orang ini... this person
Mobil itu... that car
This is of course not a complete
sentence, merely the beginning of one; to finish the sentence, we
would have to say something about
it. We could add one of our simple verbs, e.g.
Orang ini tidur.
This person is
asleep.
Mobil itu
keluar. That car is
going out.
Asking questions
A simple way to make a question
is to use a rising intonation at the end of the sentence, without any other
change, providing the sense is
clear, e.g. Suka makan nasi? Do you like eating rice?
Further, in order to turn a
statement into a question, we use the word apakah, which is placed at
the
head of the sentence (nowhere
else). We do not use inversion (reversing the order of subject and verb), or
an auxiliary verb “do”, as in
English. For example:
Apakah orang itu
tidur? Is that person
asleep?
Apakah mobil itu
keluar? Is that car going out?
(There is only one exception to
what was said above: we seer
find inversion in the question Boleh
saya... May I...?)
As well as using question
sentences, we also have a range of interrogative words, such as How?
When? Who? and so on. These will
be introduced in following lessons, but here we can make a start with
apa? “What (thing)?”
Using this, we can produce very useful questions, such as:
Ini apa? What is this?
Itu apa? What is that?
Bahasa
Inggrisnya apa? What
is the English for it?
This is the normal word-order;
note that it is the opposite of English. Indonesian prefers to place the
question-word last, although this can sometimes be varied. As a general
principle, the word that comes first in the sentence gets most prominence. In Ini
apa? we are focusing on ini “this”, and want to know what it is (apa?).
If apa comes first, there is extra stress on the questioning force
of the sentence: Apa itu? What on earth is that?
Look at this conversation , to
know more aout using Demonstrative words and Asking Question In Bahasa
Indonesia :
Siti Apakah Hamdan mau jalan-jalan ke Mangga
Mall?
Hamdan Ya, mau. Saya suka jalan-jalan dl toko
macam itu.
Siti Baiklah, mari kita
pergi sekarang.
Hamdan Boleh tanya, ya, Siti.
Orang
itu sedang apa?
Siti Orang itu minta uang. Namanya “pengemis”.
Hamdan Ini toko apa?
Siti Itu toko sepeda
motor / sepatu / bunga...
Hamdan Bau apa itu?
Siti Itu bau kacang
goreng. Hamdan suka kacang goreng?
Hamdan Suka! Siti suka?
Siti Mari kita terus saja, ya.
Hamdan Apakah ada minuman di kafe ini?
Siti Saya kira ada. Mau minum apa?
Hamdan Itu apa?
Siti Itu 6s jeruk. Coba, ya!
Hamdan Terima kasih, Siti. Siti mau apa?
Siti Saya sama saja.
Hamdan Nah, apakah ada uang kecil...?
VOCABULARIES
baiklah okay! good! minuman drink
bau smell nah well, ...
boleh may (allowed) pengemis beggar
bunga flower sama same
coba to try sepatu shoe(s)
jalan-jalan to go out, on a
trip sepeda motor motorcycle
kacang peanuts suka to like
kafe cafe terus straight on
kira to think, guess toko shop, store
macam sort, kind uang money
mari come! (inviting) uang kecil small change
minta to ask for y*
yes; right
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